Biography of the Literary Works of Dylan Thomas Essay -- Dylan Thomas

Drunk with melody, and what the words were, he cared not. This was a very common view among early commentators about Dylan doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas (Cox 1). Thomas was a poet who was either loved or hated. It depended on the individual, and how they viewed his poetry. He was very famous for his poetry because it contained visions of life, aspects of birth and death, fear, grief, joy, and beauty. At a younger age, Thomas was a very violent poet. As he grew older, he spoke for all men greatly when he wrote. He wrote his poems referring to the qualities and sensations of life. The strength of feelings, which were expressed in his writings, gave many different impressions about Thomas attitudes toward religion and spirituality, relationships, and the passion in his poetry.Thomas published his first book, Eighteen poems, in 1934. He then locomote to London, and wrote his second book, Twenty-Five Poems, in 1936 (Locher 471). The two books were written similar to each other. In one of his poems, Twenty One, he complains that there is a m when sun or moon is not visible. The mystic elements were light, and perceiving that night also sheds light. This is an example of his spiritual discipline. In a later poem, Thirty Two, Thomas writes with uprise mysticism. He then included in his poem contraries like life and death or delight and pain, so that they are tangible in nature. He did this when he explained that he was suffering with Jesus, and that all things are sensible. He then included in his poem contraries like life and death or pleasure and pain, so that they are tangible in nature. In a number of his later poems Thomas started them with For the love of man and in the praise of God (Korg 33-34). This shows how Thomas perceived h... ...y read his works. His works re-illustrate how he wrote through the eyes of an adult, and the innocence of a child. Critics state that the when Dylan Thomas died at the age of 39, the poems he had written, were the best of his time. BibliographyCox, C.B. ed. Dylan Thomas collection of critical essays.New Jersey Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1996, Pg. 1-75.Ferris, Paul. Dylan Thomas A Biography. New York The Dial Press, 1977, Pg.166-233Knepper, B.G. Dylan Thomas. Critical Survey of Poetry.Ed. Frank N. Magill. Englewood Cliffs Salem Press, 1982, Pg. 2878-2888.Korg, Jacob. Dylan Thomas. Boston Twayne Publishers, 1965,Pg. 33-55.Locher, Frances C. Ed. Dylan Thomas Contemporary Authors.Vol 104. Gale Research Company, 1982, Pg. 471.Magill, Frank N. Dylan Thomas Collected Poems. Ed. J.M.Dent New Directions,1982, Pg. 53-55.

Musical Development as a Cognitive Ability Essay -- Psychology Psychol

Musical emergence as a Cognitive AbilityCognitive PsychologyAbstractThis paper discusses theories of cognitive increase and its relationship to musical development. Cognitive development is closely related to musical development and learning. Jean Piaget authentic theories of the cognitive development in children. Musicologists have developed theories on how musical development has cognitive components. Cognitive development is acquired through interaction with an environment, just as musical development is acquired through interaction with a musical environment. Jean Piaget on Cognitive DevelopmentCognitive development is the investigation of how mental skills build and change with increasing physiological maturity (maturation) and bugger off (learning) (Sternberg, p.444). Cognitive development involves qualitative changes in thinking, as well as quantitative changes, such as increasing knowledge and ability (Sternberg, p.444). Most cognitive psychologists agree that development al changes occur as a result of the interaction of maturation (nature) and learning (nurture) (Sternberg, p. 444). According to Sternberg, despite the differences in theoretical approaches, there atomic number 18 some basic principles that that crosscut the study of cognitive development (Sternberg, p.446). First, everywhere the course of development, people seem to gain more sophisticated control over their own thinking and learning. As people grow older, they become more capable of more complex interactions between thought and behavior. Second, people engage in more thorough information processing with age. Third, people become increasingly able to comprehend successively more complex relationships over the course of development. Finally, over time, people develop increasing flexibility in their uses of strategies or information. (Sternberg, p.446)He explains that as people grow older they become less bound to apply information in just a single context, and they learn how to a pply it in a greater context (Sternberg, p.446).One of the most influential contributors to developmental research is Swiss psychologist Jean Piaget (1896- 1980). His theory of cognitive development is one of the most comprehensive in the field (Sternberg, p.446). Piaget believed that the function of intelligence is to aid in adaptation to the environment (Sternberg, p.44... ...derlying tonal and metrical structures to guide their song performance, even though they seem to have no reflective awareness of such structures (Sloboda, p. 214). Changes in musical awareness between the ages of five and ten seem to reflect a general intellectual change from inactive competence, which is displayed only within the edge of specific and directed activities, to a reflective awareness of the structures and principles which underlie such competence (Sloboda, p. 215). Piaget would characterize this change as moving from pre-operational to operational though (Sloboda, p. 215). In music it is marke d by an increased ability to explicitly classify music as conforming to rule or style, and an increasing advantage of retrospect and perceptual tasks for those sequences which conform to rule (Sloboda, p. 215)Works CitedSloboda, J.A. (1985) The Musical Mind The Cognitive Psychology of Music. Oxford Psychology Series No. 5. Clarendon Press, Oxford. pp. 194-215.Sternberg, Robert J. (2003) Cognitive Psychology. Thomson-Wadsworth. Third edition. pp. 444- 449.Swanwick, Keith (2001) Musical Development Theories Revisited. Music Education Research, Vol.3, No.2.

Pay-For-Performance and Productive Workforces Essay -- business, compe

The company did non truly have a pay-for-performance abut. In fact, what it did have was a pay-for-profitability process, unremarkably known as a profit sharing program. There is a substantial difference between pay-for-performance and profit sharing, both in terms of how the process is structured and how the payouts are determined. Profit sharing is a program based quite simply on how much profit the company makes, regardless of performance. In certain times, a company may non perform very well yet still make a profit. For example, on organization may incur large expenses, have inefficient use of resources and incomplete accounting of internal asset allocation. However, it may also have huge sales volumes, diminutive competition and an enviable and desirable product. It is virtually successful in spite of itself. Can that actually occur? Examples abound Circuit City, AOL, Xerox and so on. each(prenominal) quite successful companies, initially, but almost destined for probl ematic existence as a result of growth that occurred too fast too soon. They did not perform very well, yet were able to generate considerable profitability. A pay-for-performance program, on the other hand, is designed to reward measurable performance against certain standards. It is created by establishing measurable goals and objectives, assigning individuals to the goals with time bound periods of measurement and finally an evaluation of that individuals performance against those goals. The company may make a profit, but if the employee does not agree or exceed their performance goals, they may not receive any reward, or what is commonly viewed as a raise or bonus. True pay-for-performance does not just take profitability into account, unless generating profit was t... ... their office.(Robbins& Judges,2007) The benefits of telecommuting reduces absenteeism and tardiness. In addition, it also contributes to the green initiative by cutting down the amount of pollutants fro m motor fomite travel. According to recent estimates indicate that between 9 million and 24 million people telecommute in the United States (Kurland & Bailey, 1999). Fortune 500 companies such as AT &T, IBM, and Merrill Lynch are just a few. In conclusion, if Sean Neal utilized the options listed, he could create a more productive workforce through incentives without change the companys bottom line. In addition, Mr. Neal could boost morale which would create a more experienced work force through longevity of employment. By having an experience workforce Mr. Neal should see a significant increase in production and profit over a short period of time.

Steven Jobs Essays -- APPLE PIXAR NEXT

CEO Steven Jobs (APPLE, PIXAR, NEXT)Steven Jobs is non your run of the mill CEO. This statement sounds clich and it should because every CEO in some(prenominal) way is different. Steven Jobs with considerable confidence can be called one of the most ingenious, unconventional CEOs in the world. First off, it is important to look at his upbringing because it proves his come on to way is pure personality. Jobs runs his company with an innovative edge that is far from collaborative. Steve Jobs management techniques are a direct reflection of his upbringing. As a child, Jobs pursued his tasks and goals with a passion and aggression for success. Steven Paul Jobs was an orphan adopted by Paul and Clara Jobs of Mountain View, California in February 1955. So instead of attending either Berkeley or Stanford, he decided on the very liberal Reed University in Oregon. This is where Jobs was introduced to philosophies and ideas that would shape how he would treat the business world. At this ti me school was not important and he withdrew after the first semester of college. When he returned home, he was thin and disheveled. He embraced a new goal of traveling to India in pursuit of what a friend termed the electric atmosphere of love.Jobs work with orchard apple tree is where he exploits the best examples of his good and bad management styles. When Jobs started with Apple he had no specific function. He kept himself busy initially by successfully supervising the designs for the company logo and for the hard plastic shell that encased the Apple II. The fact is Jobs was dexterous at most everything or at least seeming like he was. If you have a hardware man there, Steve cant talk hardware. If you have a software man, Steve cant talk software. He can help design computer cases (qtd. in Butcher 103). Jobs was not satisfied with this role and Markkula, who maneuvered himself into a position of dandy power at Apple.? (Butcher 90-105).Jobs was smart in that he positioned himsel f for success. He knew how to be at the right place at the right time. The downside to this was he always precious more. The He had a hard time putting his vision down in a practical manner. He saw a computer with an exquisite exterior still the problem with his vision was that the way he had to have it would make production nearly impossible. ?These unreal expectations resulted in miscommunica... ...ion he wants those steps willing not be questioned.There are two different ways the think about Steven Jobs. The first is the way his personality led to the failure of his management style. The other and the more important way is his forth knowledge of the market. Job?s was not successful in leading Apple managerially. He laid his selfishness ambitions first before the most important part of his company the employee?s. He was also unable to delegate authority to those better qualified than he because he wanted as much recognition as he could get. As bad of a manager he might be the success of Apple speaks louder than his failures. Apple is non-existent without his belligerent passion a motivation for success. The moment speaks for itself. In future years Jobs personality could be extremely destructive throughout his companies but for the moment his ability to produce cash far succeeds his downfalls as a manager.Works CitedBrayan, Chaffin, and Vern Seward. The New York Times looks at Steven Jobs. The New York Times 10 whitethorn 2004. 08 Feb. 2004Butcher, Lee. Accidental Millionaire. New York Paragon, 1988.Steven Jobs A Manager? Vers. 1. 06 May 1992. 08 Feb. 2005

Essay examples --

Edwin BlancoEng 11203/14/14Oliver theatrical role analysisThe novel Oliver bend is about an deprive on the look for his true identity. During this search for selfhood Oliver comes into contact with the corruptive side of reality, pull downtually challenging his innocent character as a whole and going away us to ask how does he remain pure and innocent in a cruel and corrupted place? In Charles Dickenss novel, Oliver Twist the main theme is for to see if Oliver will maintain his sinlessness in a corrupt location like London. This idea of childhood represents children, such as Oliver Twist, as being innocent, unless vulnerable to moral and turn corruptions. The novel focuses on this idea by describing Oliver as a young, nave, innocent child. passim the progression of the novel, Oliver is forced to deal with the gang of criminals like Fagin and the artful dodger. Oliver has to interpret their physical actions as being that of right or wrong. In this novel, Dickens wrote the character of Oliver Twist as a model of innocence. Oliver is a representation of a good person who people like Fagin and Bill Sikes try to corrupt plainly Oliver overcomes over their corruption of evil. Oliver is an important character in the novel because throughout his lifespan he was treated horrible as if he was a criminal he has never seen what reality is like because he is being controlled. Olivers innocence is always being tested over and over, especially when he is introduced to the life of the criminal upon his arrival in London. In being raised as an orphan, Oliver did not have the opportunity to choose any aspect of his own life, but rather lived in a systematized environment where he was told what to do and when to do it and was given what he need in o... ...iver immediately recognizes it as an evil act. Olivers innocent and simple personality guarded him from these occurrences of wrongdoing. At first Oliver Twist is not aware of himself or of what is happening , but then is noticing what is happening is bad. Olivers innocence works to protect him from being affected by the criminal corruption seen and experienced through the criminal gang. Oliver is a character who is depicted as a nave and innocent child. These personalities defend him from being fully aware of his surroundings. Throughout the entire novel Oliver encounters bad experiences with these criminals but he doesnt change he still remains innocent and nave. Oliver does not see the criminals the same way in which other people sees them, and it is this that allows Oliver to remain pure and innocent even with corruptive evils surrounding him.

Essay examples --

Edwin BlancoEng 11203/14/14Oliver character analysisThe novel Oliver Twist is about an orphan on the ensure for his true identity. During this search for selfhood Oliver comes into contact with the corruptive side of reality, eventually challenging his sincere character as a whole and leaving us to pick out how does he remain pure and innocent in a cruel and corrupted place? In Charles Dickenss novel, Oliver Twist the main composing is for to see if Oliver will maintain his innocence in a corrupt location like London. This idea of childhood represents children, such as Oliver Twist, as existence innocent, but vulnerable to moral and criminal putrescences. The novel focuses on this idea by describing Oliver as a young, nave, innocent child. Throughout the progression of the novel, Oliver is forced to deal with the gang of criminals like Fagin and the artful dodger. Oliver has to interpret their physical actions as being that of right or wrong. In this novel, Dickens wrote the character of Oliver Twist as a model of innocence. Oliver is a representation of a good person who people like Fagin and Bill Sikes try to corrupt but Oliver overcomes over their corruption of evil. Oliver is an important character in the novel because throughout his life he was treated horrible as if he was a criminal he has never seen what reality is like because he is being controlled. Olivers innocence is always being tested over and over, especially when he is introduced to the life of the criminal upon his reaching in London. In being raised as an orphan, Oliver did not have the opportunity to choose any aspect of his own life, but rather lived in a systematized environment where he was told what to do and when to do it and was given what he need in o... ...iver immediately recognizes it as an evil act. Olivers innocent and simple-minded personality guarded him from these occurrences of wrongdoing. At first Oliver Twist is not aware of himself or of what is happen ing, but then is noticing what is happening is bad. Olivers innocence works to hold dear him from being affected by the criminal corruption seen and experienced through the criminal gang. Oliver is a character who is depicted as a nave and innocent child. These personalities defend him from being fully aware of his skirts. Throughout the entire novel Oliver encounters bad experiences with these criminals but he doesnt change he still system innocent and nave. Oliver does not see the criminals the same way in which other people sees them, and it is this that allows Oliver to remain pure and innocent even with corruptive evils surrounding him.

Scholarship Program At Basic Successes And Challenges Education Essay

I. Introduction1.1 Socio economic in Cambodia after 1979The civil war has jeopardized the societal and economic development of Cambodia. Most of the societal constructions and rural substructures were wholly undone during Khmer Rouge, particularly educational sector, which is the most of import for developing the bow ( Duggan, 1996, p.363 ) . Furthermore, Socio-economic environment for most of families after Khmer Rouge was frequently actually hard for directing kids to train ( Ayres, 2000, p. 156 ) .In 1994, the state had about 5.2 million people below age 15 or about 47 per centum of the entire population. The size had been little bulge to around 5.1 million in 2004 and its portion of the entire population had fallen to 38 per centum. These bowdlerizeations in the population construction deal foremost affected the gather up for primary and secondhand trails. Some 3.7 million 55 per centum, of the population remote 5-24 old ages were enrolled in the formal school system in 2004 increased from 46 per centum in 1999. Adult literacy rate, population aged 15 and over, is 60 per centum for adult fe masculines and 80 per centum for work forces. The identical look sustain verbalise that 43 per centum of adult females aged 25 and over have none or scarce some cultivation ( non completed foremost grade ) ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.nis.gov.kh/cambodia socio-economic field 2004 ) .Since 1980 there was a 15-year period with high birthrate and strong population addition. After 1995 there has been a rapid diminution in birthrate and mortality. Harmonizing to the population swelling the Kampuchean population was predicted to be 15 million in 2010 ( National Institute of Statistics of Ministry of Planning, 2009, pp. 5 ) . educational disbursals per pupil for one school year take school fees, tuition, text editions, other school supplies, gifts to instructors, and part to edifice financess. Households estimate educational disbursals to below 50 ,000 riels ( US $ 10 ) for pre-school and primary school pupils, for upper auxiliary to 393,000 riels ( merely below US $ 100 ) , for technical/vocational 1.1 million riels ( merely supra US $ 250 ) , and for university 2.1 million riels ( merely above US $ calciferol ) ( hypertext transfer protocol //www.nis.gov.kh/cambodia socio-economic study 2004 )1.2 History of Kampuchean Education after 1979Following adviser from UNICEF to supervising Cambodia instruction in 1980 identified there were chief common chord dimensions including crisis of qualify deficit of qualified instructors and functionaries, crisis of orientation a critical struggle and contradiction between the ends and construction of the system of bing educational system, and crisis of clocking under in effect(p) supported by Vietnamese advisers to make umpteen things in really short period ( Ayres, 2000, p.132 ) .Another survey by CONCERN in 1991 embed some c entrance hallenges of instruction in that curtail in cluding unequal preparation and wage for instructors and educational functionaries, no chief text books and other stuffs to back up instruction, non becoming school edifices for pupils, and high dropout rate. Other chief job related to instruction for cardinal degree at that clip was hapless educational quality and strange course of study. Other survey at provincial degree by Redd Barna besides found that low rate of attending, low accomplishment of pupils, challenges of integrate into schools for those whose argon former refugees ( Ayres, 2000, pp. 156-157 ) .Even after general election in 1993 under supported by UN, quality of instruction service provided for elementary instruction degrees is lock in in a serious status caused by the deficiency of resources, inappropriate-trained instructors, hapless managed system, about no instruction and acquisition stuffs and irresponsibleness ( World Bank, 2008, p.11 ) .Even, there have been considerable veerations late, educational syst em will non make an international instruction EFA ends by 2015, because the figure of dropout and repeat in primary school degree is take over high. The repeat rates in primary dropped from 26.3 per centum to 10.2 per centum between 1998 and 2005. In add-on, drop-out rates in primary school is less than in supplementary school ( MoEYS, 2008, p.8 ) .Recently, Cambodia has expand national budget from 0.9 per centum in 1997 to 1.5 per centum in 2006 ( MoEYS & A World Bank, June 2008, p. 59 ) . Besides, the administration has promised to increase wage for all instructors from 15 per centum to 20 per centum every twelvemonth but the exact sum is still really low in comparability to rising prices late and day-to-day disbursal ( MoEYS & A World Bank, June 2008, pp. 59-62 ) .Educational system in Cambodia consists of simple school ( grade 1-6 ) , junior high school ( grade 7-9 ) , senior high school ( grade 10-12 ) and university and other establishments of higher(prenominal) instr uction. Compulsory instruction is until grade 9 ( The Council for the Development of Cambodia, 2011, p. I-2 ) .This research will concentrate on the undermentioned inquiriesWhy does MoESY necessitate scholarship plan at basic instruction?What are the chief successes and challenges of execution scholarship plan at basic instruction degree?How does MoEYS implement scholarship plan at basic instruction more efficaciously?II. SCHOLARSHIP PROGRAM AT BASIC EDUCATION IN CAMBODIA2.1 Overview of scholarship planKAPE It was the first off scholarship officially lunched in Cambodia since 200 and it cover 15 subaltern schools in Kampong Cham state merely but it was for lone misss. The chief ground of initial this plan because merely one of five misss can intake into lower secondary schools in Kampong Cham state and as issue in over 3,000 vulnerable misss and male childs in schools presents ( KAPE, 2008, p. 4 ) . However, misss other states were similar or more serious than state of battles i n Cambodia, it would be better if the undertaking expands to other schools and state to let other misss to acquire benefit from it and increase figure of misss to hold wide cognition and can dispute with work forces in society devil public and private sectors.PAP12 Scholarships and Incentives for Equitable Access. A major constituent of this programme was a scholarship strategy for lower secondary pupils, targeted peculiarly at misss in hapless countries. The plan stared in 2003-04 ( BETT, 2004, p. 1 ) and covered to 30 scholarships each school of 215 lower secondary schools in 16 states ( Mar Bray & A Seng Bunly, 2005, p. 24 & A 72 ) . If we have a expression of entire figure of each school, which covered by this plan, it was really little in call of instruction in Cambodia overcompensate now because there about 19.5 per centum of urban people in 2009 ( Asian Development Bank ( ADB ) , Key Indicators for Asia and the Pacific 2010 ) . The reporting schools and states, and ent ire Numberss of scholarships each school were far off from sum of pupils in each secondary primary school even in rural and remote countries. The pupils are out of specialize states were suffered from exclusion and even some schools in Phnom Penh would be covered.JFPR in concurrence with ADB Stared in 2003-04 ( BETT, 2004, p. 1 ) and targeted 93 lower secondary schools in 21 states and provided 75 scholarships for each mark school ( Mar Bray & A Seng Bunly, 2005, p. 72 ) . If we have a looks sum of states were likely really wide but in term of entire targeted schools were really little coverage, therefore, it would be better if the plan could cover the schools that non covered by PAP12 to let other hapless and poorest kids to hold an chance to acquire scholarship.BETT stared in 2003-04 ( BETT, 2004, p. 1 ) Funded by BTC and targeted 80 lower secondary schools in merely three states and provided 30 scholarships each school. It was excessively little for both coverage states or sc hools and even figure of scholarship for each school, therefore, it would be non most affect for overall basic instruction in Cambodia late.CESSP This was a formal plan after integrated of chief scholarship plans for lower secondary schools in Cambodia to avoid any overlap schools or even receivers but it still covered merely 100 lower secondary schools ( including newly-established schools ) in 21 states ( BETT, 2005, about the undertaking ) . Although MoEYS found the good look to implement scholarship plan ore effectual but it was still non good plenty because coverage schools and states still limited. In order to cognize that scholarship would be more effectual to better instruction in Cambodia, particularly at basic instruction degree, the plan should be covered all lower secondary schools at countrywide or to all hapless and the poorest kids.2.2 Successs2.2.1 School enrolmentCSP had a critical consequence on school registration and attending. Recipients increased 16 per centu m points of registration in school, 17 per centum points increased of go toing on the twenty-four hours of the unheralded visit pass more clip in school. Based on the study stated that one out of every five receivers would non hold been in school in the absence of the plan, with on-time class patterned advance, hence, it would anticipate that every fifth receiver would hold completed one more twelvemonth of schooling than comparable non-recipients ( Deon Filmer & A Norbert Schady, 2009, pp. 12-17 )2.2.2 Target doneesThe plan was right emphasized household pauperisation and gender precedence to do certain equity of entree to basic instruction and gender instability in registration. The scholarship besides provided residence hall to research the new ways to promote pupils at high-risk to go on their survey at lower secondary school a case in Rattanakiri state. Furthermore, the plan achieved highly decreased drop-out rates of pupils every bit much as 60 % than general 7th class ra ted in comparing to non-recipients schools. However, entire sum that support by undertaking late was non plenty for each receiver yet that some of receivers still dropped out even in period of implementing period ( William Collins, 2007, pp. 47-48 ) .2.2.3 Impact on workThe survey stated the receivers were approximately 10 per centum improbable to work for wage and the survey besides mentioned that about 37 per centum of misss and about 31 per centum of male childs who did non scholarship receivers work for wage in seven yearss before the survey was conducted. Furthermore, many scholarship receivers stayed in school endless than non-recipients ( Deon Filmer & A Norbert Schady, 2009, p.2 ) .2.2.4 Conditional Cash Transfers ( CCTs )The CCTs plan impacts on a assortment of results including school registration. However, positive impacts may mention to amount of hard currency transference and this manner is set abouting by many developing states in the universe. It would besides cut down poorness or support hapless household. The same survey stated that kids who received larger transportations did better than those who received smaller transportations in other dimensions even the survey found that all receivers were brought into school as a consequence of plans ( Deon Filmer & A Norbert Schady, 2009, pp. 12-13 )2.2.5 Impact on other kidsThere were major two groups who could hold been straight affected including siblings of scholarship receivers, and kids who did non have scholarships because their dropout mark placed them above the cut-off for eligibility. The siblings of scholarship receivers could hold benefited from the plan since each family could utilize the same benefit for other kids or other purpose. Non-recipients who were enrolled in the same schools as receivers may alter some disadvantages attitude in order to hold an chance to acquire scholarship for succeeding(a) academic old ages. However, the consequences suggest no such consequence the schoo l engagement of non-recipients is unaffected by the comparative size of the incoming cohort of scholarship pupils ( Deon Filmer & A Norbert Schady, 2009, p.2 )2.2.6 Monitoring and preparationIn scholarship plan of BETT was hired honorable clip staff improbable JFPR or CESSP, who their staff members were parttime basic. Besides, BETT coverage was smaller than either the JFPR or CESSP that allowed staff members have clip to carry on visits to many mark schools and that allowed BETT to cognize more elaborate about issues happened within receivers. Due to budget, transit and clip restraints, the undertaking truly need external aid to back up monitoring such as proficient functionaries from MoEYS, PoE and DoE but it was encountered that the relevant functionaries were improbable had full experience or skillful about that affair yet ( William Collins, 2007, pp. 53-54 ) .BETT attack of a dedicated full-time squad, with NGOs developing background, willing to utilize external NGOs aid in t he preparation exercising, achieves higher quality consequences of the execution. taste to rear about the plan was besides benefited and positive impacted every bit good as enhance answerability of school functionaries and guarantee right policy pattern. Besides, improved communicating between parents and schools functionaries would reenforce community support for local anaesthetic schools ( William Collins, 2007, pp. 54 ) .2.3. Challenges2.3.1 The mathematics and vocabulary abilityThe survey was focused on the two chief parts including numeral and capacity of understanding plants through MoEYS course of study and text edition. The mark kids were both receivers and non-recipients, the consequences stated that both receivers and non-recipients are the same if those pupils entree the school regular and no absence. However, the survey besides covered to out-school kids and the determination stated that kids who had completed more schooling hold higher psychometric test tonss in bot h mathematics and vocabulary, and kids who dropped out of school before finishing 7th class may hold lower ability than those who stayed in school beyond than that class ( Deon Filmer & A Norbert Schady, 2009, pp. 8-10 ) .2.3.2 Coverage countriesThe overall scholarship plans implementing in Cambodia were non for countrywide yet even PAP12 manage and implement by MoEYS, merely covered 215 lower secondary schools within 16 states merely and provided merely 30 scholarships for each mark school. Second, JFPR in concurrence with the ADB covered 93 lower secondary schools in 19 states and could merely cover 75 scholarships for each school. Third, BETT Project supported by BTC covered in 69 lower secondary schools in three states and covered merely 30 scholarships to each school ( Mar Bray & A Seng Bunly, 2005, pp. 71-72 and BETT, 2004 & A 2005, p. 2 ) . Another one by KAPE, local NGO, merely covered 21 lower secondary schools in Kampong Cham state merely ( KAPE, 2008, p. 4 )2.3.3 Targ et doneesThe four scholarship plans as truncated description in portion of Coverage Areas ( 2.3.2 ) stated that the plan started coverage pupils at lower secondary schools in selected states and countries within Cambodia ( KAPE, 2008, p. 4 ) . Following indexs 2006-07 of MoEYS stated that net registration ratio about 92.1 per centum at primary but it was merely 33.7 per centum at secondary ( MoEYS, 2006-07, indexs 2006-07 ) , therefore, about 58.4 per centum was dropped out at that academic twelvemonth and most of drop-out would be kids from hapless and poorest families and some. BETT scholarship plan purposes at increasing passage for hapless and vulnerable kids from primary to take down secondary and march on patterned advance through lower secondary instruction in the three targeted states. But the same study stated that the plan excluded certain classs of appliers, for illustration, kids of authorities households, who excluded by the JFPR design and initial BETT design but non excluded in the CESSP design. In the 3rd twelvemonth of BETT execution, the exclusion was dropped. The exclusion would hold two damaging impacts because political households were non all hapless even instructors every bit many as local hapless appliers or it would be hazard to go politicized and used as an extra manner to honor authorities and party functionary at the local degree ( William Collins, 2007, p. 12 & A 48 ) .III. CONCLUSION AND DISCUSSIONBy and large, the scholarship plans were utilize by MoEYS and other spouses were really good for pupils at lower secondary schools across Cambodia and the plan would assist to make EFA and basic instruction policies by 2015 following the committedness of authorities and MoEYS every bit good as planetary mark. It besides allowed hapless and the poorest kids have an chance to go on their survey without march on more load to their household and parents every bit good as cut down authorities load, excessively. Although execution perio d was normally short clip and even policies implementing of each establishment was improbable the same but the receivers could acquire profit from the plans chiefly increase registration, addition engagements, stayed longer period in schools than earlier or non-recipients. Even receivers were non better in term of mathematics and vocabulary in comparing to non-recipients, who non absence, at least the plans could maintain low-ability pupils in schools and made alter some non-recipients to take into history of acquisition and take parting in schools.The scholarship plans probably started and ended the same period and some of them were overlap mark schools and states but they had ain difference policies for execution, therefore, it was negative affect to receivers and donees every bit good as negative affect to whole plans. Furthermore, school managers, DoE, PoE, who on a regular basis involved with the plan would non be muster out at all that was perchance to detain some activities, excessively or pass a tonss but got really small.In order to implement the plan more effectual, all relevant stakeholders would incorporate and portion responsible each other first and happen the common ways or seek to follow policies to be similar or the same first to guarantee receivers and relevant stakeholders would be clear and full apprehension. Besides, it would be great if all implementing establishments can split states or mark schools of coverage. The last, but non at least, all hapless and the poorest or the most of them would be covered and back up it would be better and it likely find the right ways of improve instruction in Cambodia, particularly at basic instruction degree.StatementName Cham Soeun Date March 18, 2011I prepared the undermentioned assignment by myself and merely with the aid of the literature mentioned in the mentions. I did non utilize other literature to compose my assignment. I know that plagiarism is a serious offense and I am wholly cognizant of t he negative effects.SignatureCham Soeun

Cystic Fibrosis Essay

Cystic Fibrosis is one of the most widespread genetic disorders in the modern world. While just 30,000 members of the American population is affected by the disease, millions of Americans are carriers of the disease the difference between carriers and sufferers of the disease lies in the autosomal recessive nature of Cystic fibrosis. A truly documented history of Cystic fibrosis did not exist until well into the 1930s, although people did have an idea of what it was, as shown by the old German verbalize that A child whose forehead tastes like salt when kissed will soon die. It was not until recently that scientists learned that the disease arises from a mutation in the CF gene located on chromosome 7. This is the gene that is responsible for the proper production of the protein CFTR, a protein that controls the movement of salt and water in and out of the cells in a persons body. In a person with Cystic fibrosis, the lack of a properly functioning CFTR protein causes for the produc tion of sticky mucus that is as well thick and very salty sweat. This mucus can then either clog the airways, causing progressive damage and complications with the respiratory system, or can in addition block ducts in the pancreas, which basically causes vitamin deficiency and malnutrition.Cystic Fibrosis currently has no cure, but there are many treatment options to help minimize the effect of the disease to help people live well into their 40s or 50s. Nowadays there are a lot of organizations and charities aiming to raising awareness of the disease to provide researchers with enough money to hopefully find a cure, and with new aspects of the disease being learned with each project, the hope of a cure does not seem that far-fetched.BibliographyCystic Fibrosis Symptoms, Causes, Treatment What Are Other Names for Cystic Fibrosis? MedicineNet. MedicineNet. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. Cystic Fibrosis. Genetics Home Reference. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. uncovering Health. Di scovery Fit and Health. N.p., n.d. Web. 27 Aug. 2013. Staff, Mayo Clinic. Definition. Mayo Clinic. Mayo Foundation for MedicalEducation and Research, 13 June 2012. Web. 27 Aug. 2013.

Economic and Social Development in Post-Independence Jamaica and Barbados Essay

Jamaica and Barbados have socially and economically advanced since their independences. Each country has been able to economically delay itself without the assistance of Britain, which used to govern the two as territories. further despite the two countries self-regulation and faith, both of the commonwealths are quite poor, and are considered third world countries. Jamaican and Barbadian History Both of the two domains were originally colonized by Great Britain (after being discovered by the Spanish) under the mercantilism policy, which encouraged European colonization of other areas.This was because the policy showed that a nations prosperity could be determined by its adequacy in trade, and exports were far more(prenominal) expensive than imports under the policy. So European nations that could non produce particular products on their own would colonize other areas that could, so they could use the goods, and export them to other nations that did non have the means to acq uire those particular goods on their own. So many of the Caribbean islands that Britain colonized were exploited because of their warm climates, which allowed them to grow certain crops, such as sugar.This crop was one of the main reasons that Britain had colonized such territories as Jamaica and Barbados. Jamaicas Independence and its Economic Enterprises Thereafter It was in 1962 that the United dry lands parliament given(p) Jamaica its independence, after which the nation ceased to be regulated by its European founder. After its independence, the Jamaican government arose, and began sponsoring employment opportunities, though many jobs arose in the private sector. excoriation and bananas were the original crops grown in Jamaica, and exported to locations worldwide, and the cultivation of these crops serves as a major source of employment on the island. The nations tropical climate makes it a suitable location for the growing of these crops, which cannot be grown in the United States or Europe, so some of the sugar and bananas in those areas come from Jamaica. Jamaican Exports and fresh Economic Problems Jamaica similarly has a natural supply of bauxite, which is a source of aluminum ore, and is therefore a valuable product, which employs many people as miners.But recently, the economic status of the island has been declining. Periods of unfavorable weather have led to a sharp decrease in the production of sugar cane and bananas over the cobblers last decade, and inflation has been plaguing the island. The recent lack of favorable agricultural activity has been so extreme that the nation has been forced to import products that, if conditions were better, Jamaica could produce itself. But lately, coffee has been other profitable crop that can be grown around the islands blue mountains area, when sugar and bananas cannot, and it serves as a primary export, and source of national income. otherwise Industries in Jamaica Jamaica also has an industry concern ed with the rearing of domestic animals, and a dairy industry. But that has also been declining, and the nation has actually been importing milk, butter, and cheese from elsewhere. other scurvyer cash crops of the island include citrus fruits, such as oranges, and cocoa, but the industries concerned with those crops are considerably smaller than that of the sugar sector. Mining employs a small number of citizens, as does fishing, and foresting, as loggers are able to export lumber to countries that do not have access to the same tropical woods.Also in Jamaica is the manufacturing industry, which usually accounts for just under 20% of the nations GDP annually. Tourism has also proved to be a profitable market for the nation, and it serves as a social and economic boost for the nation, but since the turn of the century, touristry has been slower in Jamaica. Barbados Independence and Its Trade History Barbados achieved its independence from the United Kingdom in 1966, after which th e nation began governing and regulating itself.Since that time, sugar cane has proved to be the greatest contribution to the nations employment, and it serves as Barbados approximately significant export. In 1961, five years before the countrys independence from great Britain, Barbados opened the Deep Water Harbour port, located in Bridgetown, which serves as the nations main port, and allows large container ships and freighters to export sugar and manufactured products Barbados Manufacturing Sector Although sugar was for some time the main source of income for the nation, recently, manufacturing and tourism has been increasing in Barbados.The manufacturing sector began in the 1980s, and continued to be a profitable investment in the country into the 1990s, as certain companies exploited the nations cheap labor to save money on manufacturing in the United States and Europe. The United States has proved to be the main trade partner of Barbados, which also relies on certain imports f rom the United States. The United States remained Barbados leading trade partner in 1987 with transactions valued at $189 million ($128 million in U. S. exports and $61 million in U.S. imports), an article for Business America, entitled Barbados economy relies on U. S. for products, investment Business Outlook Abroad reported of the trade status in 1988.Moreover, Barbados continued to welcome American investment in virtually all sectors of the economy. In addition to direct investors, in recent years Barbados has attracted a level-headed number of American captive insurers, international business companies, and foreign sales corporations largely through a bilateral double taxation agreement. This means that at an earlier time, the economy of the nation was stabilized by foreign investments, and exports that served to preserve trade relations between the United States and Barbados. Trade Alliances and strange Investments And with Barbados good monetary value with the United State s came the tourism industry. American, Canadian, and European tourists provide the nation with a stable tourism industry that serves as a main source of income on the nation.Foreign interests in the nation that led to the tourism industry was somewhat of an atypical event for a Caribbean country, as most nations in the area have not been able to capitalize on the industry, or attract foreign investors in its markets as Barbados did. Major tourism projects, such as resorts and cruise adventures continue to put on the nations tourism industry, and satisfied tourists keep the industry alive. Federal and Private Programs in Barbados Recently, government-regulated ventures in the nation have been turning into privatized corporations.The government of the nation is not satisfied with the high unemployment rate, so it is trying to encourage small businesses to form, and stabilize themselves, because this should lead to the creation of jobs. But lately, nationally sponsored programs such a s inshore banking enterprises, and foreign exchange moderation by Barbados have proved to be effective ways of earning the nation capital. Most manufacturing and sugar cane production, however, is done in the private sector, and is not federally regulated.This allows small businesses and farmers to have steady employment, and the steady production of crops allows the nation to not only export the crops, but use them itself, which decreases Barbados reliance on imports from other nations. Both Jamaica and Barbados have been able to maintain themselves to some degree, economically and socially since their independences from Britain. The development of Jamaica, however, was much more typical for a westerly Indian nation than was the development of Barbados, because Jamaica was not able to draw foreign investors and establish particularly coordinated trade patterns like Barbados was.In this aspect, Barbados was much more successful than were most West Indian nations, as it was able to maintain exports even when economic times were difficult. The Jamaican economy has been experiencing more problems than that of Barbados, and inflation in Jamaica is causing serious problems. Barbados, however, unlike most Caribbean nations, has been able to rebound, and it has a very high rate of tourism, which provides the nation with a steady rate of foreign income.

South-North Division in Korea

confederation- sum Division in Korea Korea is an East Asian country, which is surrounded by the sea on trey sides, but unfortunately divided into two sectionalisations-South Korea and North Korea. Korea is bordered by mainland China on the north and by the navigable Yalu and Tumen Rivers, both of which flow from Paektusan, the highest item in Korea at 9,000 feet (Weightman 360). Korea has four seasons and a monsoon climate with warm, humid summers and cold, dry winters. Continuous rains from June to July are a phenomenon. South and North Korea has many differences by geologic patterns.North Korea is cultivated by continental extremes, the south is warmed by the Japan Current. Moreover, South Koreas terrain is closelyly mountainous. Lowlands is located in the west and southeast, so agriculture is intensive with rice, vegetables, fruit, and other types of market gardening. However, North Korea has only about a sixth of mountains for cropping and few coastal lowlands for rice, co rn, wheat, and soybeans. Therefore, they have a food sufficient problem. In Korea, the most important event in history is Korean War. The Korean War between South and North Korea skint out on June 25, 1950, in which at least 2. million persons lost their lives. The North Korean Army invaded across the 38th parallel in the morning. The Korean citizens did not realize that the war broke out because by that time, there were a lot of skirmishes between the South and North Army. Before the Korean War erupted, Korea was split into political, ideologically entities due to the influence of the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. This research paper shows how the United States and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics affected the Korean War and why the Korean War erupted.Moreover, it will be how South Korea has developed an economy and what is likely to happen in the future. The origins of the Korean War are not as truthful as people might think. It is strongly con nected by not only causes and effects but also nations understandings. The Yalta Conference of 1945 was the second of three convocation held between the three Allied superpowers during the Second human War era (Perekop). The Yalta Conference was about how to reform the world after(prenominal) winning the Second World War. One of the issues in this conference was about the Korean Peninsulas trusteeship.Many countries were involved in Korea. Especially, when Soviet devisened the war against Japan. The U. S also dropped an a-bomb on Hiroshima where the headquarters of the Japanese Army was in. Later, the Soviet declared the war against Japan and the army was planning to invade Japan through the Korean Peninsula, so they encamped at the northern part of Korea. Finally, Japan surrendered on August 15th. The U. S Army was placed in the southern part of Korea to discuss the trusteeship. So the northern part of Korea was occupied by the Soviets and the southern part of Korea was occupie d by the U. S.At a conference in Moscow in December, the foreign ministers of the Soviet Union and Britain, and the U. S. secretary of State met and discussed a five-year trusteeship for Korea (The Korean War). During those years, North Korea had absorbed the Communist ideology. Kim Il-Sung wanted to unite Korea, so he chose to invade South Korea. It wouldnt express long for the conflict to come to a head between North and South Korea. Indeed, the Korean War erupted in 1950 when North Korea invaded South Korea. The war had been disjointed out in Ong-Jin Peninsula and started to spread out as time passed. The U. S almost immediately entered the battle.Truman told his daughter, Margaret, that We are going to fight. (The Korean War) The countryside quickly transformed into a practical wasteland. During the Korean War, Northern troops conquered Seoul, which is the capital city, for three days. South Koreas defense line receded to the Nakdong River. The U. N decided to cooperate with South Korea and the war started to have the effect of becoming a world war. Douglas MacArthur, the commanding general of the United Nations forces in Korea, launched his ambitious attack and landed at Inchon on September 15, and the course of the war changed abruptly.Many parts in North Korea were taken by South Korea. later that, two high-ranking representatives from North Korea asked China to send troops into Korea. Then, China intervened in the Korean War to help North Korea, so the Soviet Union and China supported North Korea with arms, tanks, armament supplies, fuel, foodstuffs, and medicine. In the case of South Korea, according to South Korea- a Country Study, with fifteen member-nations of the United Nations, had contributed armed forces and medical units to South Korea. On July 27th 1953, after the true treaty, North and South Korea are in a truce on paper along the hostile parallel line.As a result of the war, often of massacres were made and the left-right wings confl ict has become worse. In South Korea, the Korean-American Mutual Defensive Treaty was made. The enmity between South and North Korea got worse, as well as the inequality in social status. Then the U. S started to compete with the Soviets, which became known as the Cold War and focus was on preventing communization. After the Korean War, the Korean economy was very poor, and nobody thought that Korea could develop the economy as now. However, the Korean government made some plans to develop the economy.They started five-Year plans. viridity Chung Hee utilized a unique method of series of five economic plans to rapidly develop an economy. The first five-Year Economic reading externalize began in 1962. This plan consisted of initial steps toward the building of a self-sufficient industrial structure that was neither consumption oriented nor over-dependent on oil (South Korea-Economic Plans). The second Five-Year Economic phylogenesis Plan (1967- 71) started with rapidly building i mport-substitution industries, including steel, machinery, and chemical industries.The third Five-Year Economic Development Plan (1972-76) developed the chemical industry and the economy stable. Before starting the twenty-five percent Five Economic Development Plan, The Korean President said, The fourth Five-Year Economic Development Plan (1977-81) will foster the development of industries designed to compete in effect in the worlds industrial export markets (Cho-Sun 20). These major strategic industries consisted of technology-intensive and skilled labor-intensive industries such as machinery, electronics, and shipbuilding (South Korea-Economic Plans).The fifth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (1982-86) concentrate on devote to building high-technology products on the world market. The sixth Five-Year Economic and Social Development Plan (1987-91) to a large extent go along to emphasize the goals of the previous plan. The goal of the seventh Five-Year Economic and S ocial Development Plan (1992-96), formulated in 1989, was to develop high-technology fields, such as microelectronics, new materials, exquisite chemicals, bioengineering, optics, and aerospace.Government and industry would work together to build high-technology facilities in seven provincial cities to better balance the geographic distribution of industry throughout South Korea (South Korea-Economic Plans). These Five Year plans had increased wealth and strengthen political stability. Moreover, these plans lead South Korea to become Asias fourth largest economy and the worlds 12th largest economy. Also, South Korea is a member of the United Nations, WTO, and OECD. I found that geographic patterns by researching Five Year Economic plans.The effect of Five year Economic plans is to keep open geographical inequities. Korea has been developed rapidly. Especially there are many rapid developments from metropolitan areas which are centered in Seoul to Kyoung-nam. Because of this develop ment, inconsistent development has been occurred and pecuniary development was inevitably centered in port towns. This phenomenon led young people in the countryfied areas move to metropolitan areas. Now a days, the rural areas contains a disproportionate number of young middle-class families.Therefore, income inequality by geographical areas is getting worse. According to Korea University economics professor Kim Seong-hui, This is the result of both the remuneration differences between large and small-medium businesses, and between regular and irregular workers. So, a lot of young people in the rural areas want to move to metropolitan areas, where the majority of big companies located in, to be rich. Although the worst chapters of the Korean war now over, the bitterness between North and South Korea has continued to rage until this day.This is true condescension the issue of cease-fire resolutions by the UN and even despite continued negotiations to reunite the countries. The United States has been closely involved with South Korea. However, North Korea has become a progressively greater world problem. Fortunately, North Koreas most recent disregard for world concern did not turn out to be as dim as it could have been. However, Such disregard for world concerns has been characteristic of North Korea since the Korean War.North Korea has planed the nuclear program and spent a lot of money for the armed forces equipment. Unfortunately, it might be predicted that this recent action was just North Koreas means of testing the U. S president and his administration to see just what they would do in such a situation. There will undoubtedly be many more tests to come. Even though, South Korea wants to reunify in stages and has tried to talk, these actions of North Korea will threat reunification considerations. Bibliography Cumings, Bruce. The Korean War- A History. A Modern Library Chronicles Book. 2010. Hickey, Michael. The Korean War The West Confronts Com munism, 1950-1953. The Overlook Press. 1999. Kim, Y. M. The Fourth Economic Development Plan. Cho-Sun. 20 Aug. 1977 10-11. Shaw, William. South Korea A Country Study. Washington GPO for the Library of Congress. Web. 1990. South Korea-Economic Plans. Mongabay. Web. June. 1990. Weightman, Barbara A. Dragons and Tigers A Geography of South, East and Southeast Asia. Wiley. 2010.

Mind Games Essay

The goal of argumentative writing is to persuade the audience that their ideas are logical or more(prenominal) valid then other powers. Greek philosopher and put outr, Aristotle, divided persuasion into three sections Ethos, Pathos, and Logos. These persuasion guidelines give refs a sense of credibility, emotion, and reasoning.Ethos is associated with credibility or ethical appeal (Ch. 3, Ethos). Does the author portray the characters as people who are worthy of respect? One problem with argumentation is the ability to impress the reader. By making the character soulfulness that is respected and therefore likable the reader is more sakeed in the work. An shewcase of this would be a doctor, lawyer, or veteran. Even though all of these jobs hang our community in different ways, they are all respected by society.Another example of logos that the obligate noted was If a company is tumefy known, liked, and respected, that reputation will contribute to its persuasive power (Rusz kiewicz, 56). If its character is problematic in any respect, it may have to use argument to recast an audiences perception (Ruszkiewicz, 56). Authors will also use ethos from personal experience. Writer and activist terrycloth Williams attacks those who poisoned the Utah deserts with nuclear radiation (Williams, 58) Terry Williams is a women worth listening to because she has lived with the nuclear peril. These are just some of the ways authors outhouse show authority.Pathos is emotional and persuades by appealing to the readers emotions (Ch. 2, Pathos). Language choice affects the audiences response, and emotional appeal can enhance an argument. The book gives an example of a teacher telling her bookmans that she is de jure blind (Kleege, 45). While reading this example, you are probably envisioning yourself sitting in the classroom in shock from what you just heard. When someone gives you information roughly them or reveals a truth, as the listener, you are taking in everyth ing the speaker is proverb while relating that to every circumstance you can recall.As a scholar sitting in her classroom, you are thinking about your personal experience with another blind person and forming your own opinion on this person. This example plays in on your emotional side because from the very first day you are aware of your teachers disability. Pathos does not always have to be sad it can also be humorous. Writers can use humor to lighten up the mood and make the reader more comfortable with an argument. The example from Dave Barry (Barry, 49) touches on the idea that men do not need to read the manual but often times make mistakes. This particular example is saying men think they know all, but in reality, they still need help.Logos persuades by the use of reasoning (Ch. 4, Logos). The heart of the argument is presenting the reader with reasons. sound persuasion can help you back up your claims as well as give proof to your argument. Aristotle divided argumentative writing into facts and reason (Ruszkiewicz, 69). He used what we call hard evidence and reason or common sense (Ruszkiewicz, 69). The book gave an example of U.S. ambassador to the UN asking ambassador Zorin if he had lay or is placing medium and intermediate range missiles and sites in Cuba (Ruszkiewicz, 70)?Representatives allowed him to ask this question because he had hard evidence of spy photographs to prove his claim (Ruszkiewicz). Logos can be shown through text also. By reprinting a single page from a document, you have proof from years past. The example in the book stated the connection between statements and proofs was credible. The article talked about gun ownership (Lindgren, 75). Logos is important in argumentative writing because readers like to have more then one credible source.As a college student, I would write an article on local colleges and universities providing more activities to 18-20 year old students. This article would show ethos because I am a nineteen-y ear-old local college student. This topic would show pathos because I am appealing to local people that might be affected by drunken college students driving on the roads. I would use the local police records to provide logos to persuade my readers.Another college student might write an essay to persuade local governments to allow 18-21 year old students into the bars. It would be important for the writer to be a responsible college student to establish ethos. The student could argue that this policy would allow underage students to be designated drivers for the legalized students. This would demonstrate pathos. The writer could use local traffic records and news stories to create logos.When an author writes a easily rhetorical essay it is similar to a gross gross revenue representative selling a product. The writer is selling their idea to the public just like the sales rep is selling their product. It will be important for both of them to establish ethos with their audience to make credible representations. They will both use pathos to interest a person in their product or idea. It is also important for both of them to use logos to back up the claims they are making. A sales rep will be rewarded with a commission, and a successful write will be rewarded with future writing assignments.Works citedRuszkiewicz, Andrea A. Lunsford John J. Everythings an argument. Vol. 56. capital of Massachusetts Bedford/St. Martins, 2009.

BrownGirl Brownstones

The prose fiction Brown girl, brownstones by Paula Marshall, is a bloodcurdling with autobiographical elements, tracking the invigoration and experiences of the main protagonist, Salina Boyce and the family and friends in her feel. Marshall holds various elements and techniques in the prose, to bring about different radixs, characteristics and aspects in her novel. The text edition is set mainly in the sasss Brooklyn, New York, at a community of brownstone stick outs occupied by the Baja immigrants.Though there are various perspectives of other personae in the prose, Marshall uses a tercet person reiterative to show the first person perspective of Salina. The story begins with Salina at ten years old and continues until she is no longer a minor. It shows the theme of identity as Salina is trying to find who she is amongst members in her family. solely they have taken no photographs Was one of the first snip Sa musical nones loneliness can be seen in the text. She is Jealo us of the fact her parents took photographs of the family before the death of her infant brother, insofar took no keepsakes of hers.Then it goes on to where Marshall is a very descriptive narrator, using a cinematic effect in her story ailing. The scenes shift continuously to suggest coincidental action which produces a dramatic effect that helps to build conflict and suspense. She likewise uses devices and diction to bring about various themes and symbolic elements in her text. She uses the technique of epigraph to trigger each chapter, it is a type of foreshadowing, hinting of what volition happen by dint ofout the chapter. It withal helps to characterize individuals in the story.Contrast is also a reoccurring technique in the text, as characters such(prenominal) as Sills and bring down, Nina and Salina, have contradictory personalities. There is also introduction in the symbols and diction in the text. Words such as winter and Sun, darkness and light, are contradictory s ymbols referring to the characteristics of individuals such as Salines parents in the text. The writer involves the use of the Baja dialect as well as English, as if trying to incorporate the reader in the culture of Barbados and also add credibility and realism to the story.It suggests pride in the Baja culture. The author uses various figurative devices in the text. There is a heavy focus on the use of personification and architectural imagery. Symbolism is evident n the prose using colors such as red to represent romance and sexual relationships and white, and brownstones to represent upward mobility, status and unattainable goals. Land in the text is also symbolic of independence and opportunity. The use of conflict, such as mother-daughter, husband- wife, black-white, is brought out by the symbols and conflicting elements in the prose.It shows the destruction in relationships, and accentuates climatic moments, such as when Tighten, used the money Sills stole from him, or when Silent told the whole Baja association, shed tricked them. Marshall uses devices such as imagery, epigraph, motif, reasoning, ludicrous fallacy and biblical allusion, to show racism, identity, women in society, family, deceit, and various other themes in the prose fiction. The denouement, begins with Silent recognizing who she is and making final decisions for herself.After all her trials and lost relationships, she finally covers her identity, accepting who she has become, the trials she is yet to face and the people in her foregone who has made her who she is today. Especially her mother, whom she had always fought against. Rational The life of Tighten Boyce, was the subject chosen for the verse between many a(prenominal) view Tighten as a problem in the text Brown girl, brownstones, giving him no sympathy. The poem was intended to convey sympathy for Tighten.His life in the poem is specifically intriguing as though he causes many shifts in characteristics of others in the tex t, his own life is not emphasized. The poem will hopefully give an explanation of the circumstances surrounding the issues of Tighten death, and his life. Mocking Jay I saw a song red cent fight a bird of antecede, Beautiful-ugly, he was, filled with sorrow, was she. darkness and day, He sang a tune of love and wonder, She sang back of vices and plunder, I tried to save that gibelike Jay, But the night stole him away.Where are you my pestiferous Jay? Trapped in the tomb of brown stones? Your young are calling, where are you? Wont you fight the snow away? Dont you strain the lights moans? Has she trapped him too? No longer perched on your window sills Theyve clipped your wings Youve destroyed their prison The flock screams their Baja banter Fly away home my mocking Jay Swim home my song bird But, mocking Jays never dive Ill send a new light your way For you to see through winters clock To save your flock To blind your eyesAnd save you from the dark Shattered tunes of my broken song bird Remember your prayers Eulogy. The sad broken memory. The life you ran away. Dead like marrow staining the asphalt. Staining corals a sea away. Songs long dead, Ill sing them to you. Ill pray your tarnished soul away. Tighten, my mocking Jay. Analysis The poem mocking Jay, is a kind of stanza elegy, in tri entirelye to a character in the prose text Brown girl, Brownstones. The poet uses the mimicking bird, mocking Jay, to represent the character Tighten in the prose text.Not lone(prenominal) do mocking Jays have a gift in music, which was one of the professional genres Tighten attempted, yet hey repeat everything sung to them in a mocking manner. Tighten, like these birds, reflects a mocking version of the negatives surround him from using the money his wife stole from him, to purchase frivolous gifts to spite her to changing his course of report card every time he is confronted with racism or barriers. Tighten also has the dream like (surreal), and fun loving attribute s common to these birds.The poem comprises of four sestets, a couplet a single line and a septet. The stanza formation, is quite symbolic. The first stanza is the first of the four sestets. At the end of each sentence in this sestets is a comma. This represents the fact that this relatively pleasant chapter in his life is not yet complete, it wont end in a happy ever afterward. It is as if to say that the get-go of their relationship was an unfinished dream. The second sestets ends in a question within, as if questioning the relationship, not understanding the change in the relationship and in Sills.The third sestets ends without punctuation is representative to all the times Tighten and the audience were waiting to see Sills response to sightings behavior. The final sestets concludes with structured-chaotic punctuation, of when Sills revenge unfolds it was chaotic n the circumstances of deportation, but structured in that it was her plan all along. Combining with the lack of punc tuation, the couplet of stanza five signifies his never ending pain. It symbolizes that, as the lack of punctuation prevents the sentence from very being complete, his pain and suffering will not end even in the afterlife.The single line consists of one word Eulogy, this refers to the speech disposed(p) at a funeral or a recollection of the past doings of an individual after he is dead. This word being the shortest stanza, represents the lack of quality and memorabilia Tighten has go forth behind with his children. The final stanza a sestets can be tied to the biblical representation of the day God rested. The number seven represents the change that occurs after an accomplished cycle. Tighten, accomplices all he could so the last stanza represents his death the final rest he accomplished after his life cycle.The poem has a sweetie rhythms. Though not all stanzas have a structured rhyme scheme, the poem still decreases as if it does. It is like the steady yet unusual flow of lif e, Just as the poem is a depiction of Digestions life as was represented in the rose fiction. The first stanza contains a set of rhyming couplets, tell the first rhyme in the last stanza (an a, a b, b a, a format). The last rhyme however is a forced rhyme, this is there to show that expiration the omnipresence was not something the Jay wanted, but was what was forced on him.The second stanza consists of alternate rhymes that emphasize the questioning in this stanza, that he is running alternate scenarios in his look as to why the wife who used to love him hates him so much now. The fourth sestets has the last rhyme, clock and flock. This symbolizes hat the time he has left with his children is limited as his death is nearing. The rest of the poem is rhyming termination parallel to the pores fiction as explanations are revealed in the story, the confusion and rhyming stops.The poem commences with the omnipresent narrator giving a visual imagery of the meeting between two contradi cting birds. The song bird represents something happy, passive and peaceful, while bird of prey represents something sly, dominating and warlike. The story continues with oxymoron inverted syntaxes of line two, that helps to emphasize that the creatures have contradicting personae and that their union could ever last as it was based on confusion. Just as in the prose fiction, Sills thought she could turn Tighten into someone he wasnt, and failed.The diction used in the first stanza such as vices, Jay and Night, aid in displaying the theme of conflict in relationships. Vics is the Latin word for change, in reference to the context it highlights Sills need to change her husbands persona and fight to create a life for them that he never wanted. The capitalization dif words such as Jay and Night, personify these nonhuman objects, in the case of the Jay it helps to emphasize this Ewing a character trait of Tighten, while the Night highlights Sills character as bright cold and heartless, but at that time seeming beautiful and peaceful.Lines three and four of the first stanza also help to densification the theme of contradictory persons in relationships, displayed in the first stanza. Stanza two is a rhetorical question sestets, it constantly asks questions the Jay is obviously unable to answer, and these are symbolic of the time where the relationship between Sills and Tighten was confusing. He didnt know where she stood, whether still in love with IM or hating h for the injustice she believes he did to their son, the first line emphasizes this.It follows with a reference to the brownstone house Sills spent a majority of the text fighting to obtain. The use of diction such as prison, brown, and stones was a lean pun as a Jay would find a house made of stones a prison, and Juxtaposed with the text, it can be said that Tighten saw the house his wife fought so much for was like a prison to him, and a symbol of his failures in his relationships and providing for his fa mily. Line two is the first and only mention of their children in the poem.This is symbolic as it shows that not only did Tighten not spend enough time with them and focused more on himself, but he also failed as a father in that he couldnt protect them from the snow which is a personified symbolism of his wife. The personification of the light, at the end of the stanza references all the happiness and ingenuousness still in the family. When the persona asks about the moaning light that she has trapped it means that he was unable to prevent the happiness and life from leaving their family, this aids in uncovering the themes of failing ones family and loosing things that are important.The third stanza has the most textual allusions, the stanza opens with a pun, window sills. As a bird a sill is somewhere you can rest, be at peace like a home, in this means Tighten no longer feels at home in the browns stones. Sills is also the name of his wife so it can mean that he is also no longer feeling happy in his marriage, as shown in the text queen he began going you the house form his mistress in the nights. Theyve clipped your wings line two of the stanza refers to when he almost got his arm amputated due to his indolence.This is symbolic as it is a physical representative ND slight foreshadowing of how his time was ending. The next line refers to the song they sang to him at the wedding. The f, s, the and b fricative and occlusion so funds of the fourth line in the third stanza, emphasizes the running and the drama happening in that scene of the text. The swim home in the last line of that stanza references the Caribbean since Islands in the Caribbean are surrounded by water. The last sestets refers to the last actions before Digestions death.It starts with a pun, on Digestions childhood, as he dived for the coins white men through at him, and also an allusion to him diving to his death. The new light is symbolic for Digestions religious period, where the movement of the new light helped him to finally discover himself, though completely swiping his personality. Winters clock is symbolic for Digestions attempts at going back in time to rectify the problems mainly caused by his relationship with his wife.The couplet, single line and septet, is after his death. People have pained cries due to first light Digestions death. The mansion of Prayers refer to his newfound beliefs and Eulogy is the speech given at a funeral. The final stanza is technically the omnipresences eulogy for Tighten, though it shows that he s not someone people will remember with respect. It speaks of how he could have had a life if hed made different choices. It gives an image of his death at sea, and its connection to his past in the Caribbean.It then shows the general sadness surrounding his death, and accentuates the theme of death in the text. The poem changes from a tone of observation, to unease, to sadness. Hopefully bringing out an general sympathy for the persona . Though it is not a total rhyming poem, it still has a flowing rhythms that showcases the life cycle of Tighten, as shown in the text. Conclusion The text Brown girl, brownstones, is an excellent depiction of women and men in immigrant communities.Most persons generally sympathize with the women of these communities, however this poem has hopefully garnered a positive response to men in these communities, and those shown in the text. This may help persons to recognize that women were not the only ones with problems in the text. The blame for these conflicts also, should not be solely the fault of males like Tighten, in the prose, but equally shared between each individual, and characters in the prose fiction.

Clarifying Personal Values

In my own(prenominal) opinion a clean-living dilemma is one having to choose between what is proper(ip) and what is wrong. This could be taken in several varied ways, and might non be what others view as the right definition however this definition is in my own words. Moral. 2013. In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved April 11, 2013, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/moral, the meaning of moral is of or relating to principals of right or wrong in behavior. When looking at this specific definition you atomic number 18 unable to complete your assessment without also including the definition of dilemma.Dilemma. 2013. In Merriam-Webster. com. Retrieved April 11, 2013, from http//www. merriam-webster. com/dictionary/dilemma, a dilemma is an argument presenting two or more equally conclusive alternatives against an opponent, in other words a usually undesirable or unpleasant choice. An example of a moral dilemma that I personally catch experienced was choosing whether o r not it would be welcome to call the police and cod my sister arrested for theft and possession of prescription medications which she stole from our mother.I had battled along-side my sister for 15 years with her drug dependence and I had finally come to my limit. I decided that it would be in her and her childrens best interest if she was forced into a rehabilitation stead and become the person that I knew she could be and also be capable of raising her children with the right morals and in the right graphic symbol of environment. It was one of the hardest decisions Ive ever had to stumble in my life, only if I believe it was what was best for her. That was in October of 2009 and she has remained drug free ever since and her children are growing and thrivingWhile ethical dilemmas are interchangeable to moral dilemmas, it seems that there is a generous amount of definitions. Upon researching and synthesizing 38 various definitions, Lewis (1985) defines business ethical moti ve as comprising the rules, standards, principles, or codes giving guidelines for morally right behavior and truthfulness in specific situations. This tells me that an individual must(prenominal) make the right decision based on the best interest of themselves and/or the comp whatever regarding every ethical dilemmas that arise. An example of an ethical dilemma that my husband has recently had to make a ecision on is co- flexers shimmy corners on their job details and causing machinery to be pushed back for repairs prior to approval of shipment. I am unable to reveal the name of the come with, however I can tell you that it is a multi-million dollar company that is international and if a machine went to a customer with parts not working correctly, it would not scarce be the customer that suffers. This would affect the customer, their state, and possibly more territories. My husband had to make the choice to speak to his supervisory program privately and anonymously to get this s ituation taken care of.Not only could the machine not work correctly, there could also have been injuries to the other workers in the plant as well(p) as dominance injuries to the customer. Appendix C Clarifying Personal Values Each of you will be faced with legion(predicate) moral and ethical dilemmas throughout your career. To be prepared to make these ethical decisions, it is helpful to clarify your personal values, and morals before you are faced with an ethical dilemma. Review the following list of values and nominate a list of the five values to the highest degree important to you in making decisions. acceptance action adventure ambition ssertiveness beauty bravery compassion competence conformity creativity customer joy discipline diversity equality fairness flexibility freedom honor humility loyalty fealty order power promise keeping respect responsibility risk taking service victory teamwork tradition trust understanding winning List of Five Important Values 1 . Competence 2. vicissitude 3. Respect 4. Teamwork 5. Trust I venture that my personal decision-making process is based on each situation that arises. I would have to say that I usually go with the moral dilemma way of cerebration and choose what is right versus what is wrong. When it comes to an employment situation, I have had to make a few tough decisions on the ethical side of things.Ive witnessed fellow employees being called nasty names by upper management, customers being toughened rudely because of their race or religious beliefs, and individuals with mental disabilities treated with no respect and treated no better than a bee buzzing around someones head. Its not easy to make a decision that can affect so many individuals, just in my eyes, as well as with the morals that my parents raised me with, doing what is right is always the best way to go. I think that when I look at the list that I chose, that I have given myself a pretty limiting-nit gro uping.I scram that when working in any type of industry, it is pertinent to have employees that are competent within their positions. Having a diverse group of employees allows for a larger opinion base and also shows that individuals that are very different in their own personal lives are able to work well together, thus showing the teamwork. Without teamwork, most businesses would fail miserably. It may take several different types of individuals to make a whole, and each of these people have a specific position within the company, besides as a whole they ARE the company.I think that respect is a major factor when looking at business ethics. I do not believe that it matters where you stand within the company. I feel that each person deserves the respect of their fellow employees as well as management, owners, customers, etc. Once all of these factors are met then you have built a trust within the company base that allows for each individual department to depend on the others to execute out their roles so that all the puzzle pieces oppose. I personally think that my own values are the reason that I choose right versus wrong. Some whiles it might not be the best decision, but morally nd ethically I choose to be open and honest about things that I see or find that are not in the best interest of a company, or even in my own personal life. Making the decision to have my sister arrested for her drug addiction was morally right but it was devastating to her children, my parents, and my own individual family. I chose the moral route of right, but in my mind it felt so wrong. Taking my niece and nephews mother away from them was one of the hardest things I have ever shame. The decision-making process that I had to go through took a total of 15 minutes (the time it took for me to drive from my home to my parents home. I knew that I HAD to make her own up to her mistakes and get the children out of that environment. average because I did what was morally right, doesnt make it any different in my heart. I personally dont think that my personal values differ from that of an organization. I feel that I would make the right choice no matter what the situation. If I knew that a fellow employee was stealing from the company I would wreak them in, but I would also hope that because I came forward regarding the situation that the management would not avenge me or look at me any differently.I would not be coming forward because of a dislike for the other person, I would be coming forward because what they were doing would be wrong and the company would suffer from it. I would report any discrimination, theft, or inappropriate behaviors by others if need be. It would not only affect the company, but it would also affect me personally. This assignment has made me look closely at my background and see that I have had to make a lot of tough decisions, as have some individuals very close to me, however I believe that doing what is right will always t rump choosing to either ignore it or choosing the wrong way to go.Looking at the list above, I believe that all of these things are important for any one individual. Without having a lot of these traits, a person might not be the best fit for a company, nor would they be one of those individuals that I would allow in my life, let alone my childrens lives. If I am unable to trust, rely, or respect a person because of their choices, then that person is not psyche who needs to be involved with me or the company that I am working for.References Trevino, L. , & Nelson, K. (2011). Managing business ethics Straight talk about how to do it right (5th ed. ). Hoboken, NJ Wiley. Malpas, J. , Donald Davidson, The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2012 Edition), Edward N. Zalta (ed. ), URL = . Merriam-Webster Online lexicon copyright 2013 by Merriam-Webster, Incorporated Lewis, P. V 1985, Defining Business Ethics Like Nailing Jello to a Wall, Journal of Business Ethics 4(5), 377-383 .

Internet censorship Essay

lucre CENSORSHIPInternet security review is subjected to political scienceal control to keep programmes inoffensive to the public. It controls the ideas and cultivation in a society. The question is if government should be allowed full authority on the lucre. Is it completely fine to allow the government to decide the information we access and does this infringe on the rights of emancipation and lecture? First of all, there be the people who side with internet censorship. There is certain vulgar and offensive stuff and nonsense identify on the internet which outhouse ca habit divisions between the society and offend some of the people. For example, videos and articles against a religion or culture sack cause problems between citizens within a nation and so much(prenominal) information has to be censored. Censoring material that insults a religion helps protect society from disputes and thus doesnt throw out to be called stealing someones rights. Moreover, censorship is i mportant to keep children from corrupting their minds. Inappropriate videos and images put on the internet can be seen by the youth which is why this material should be remote by censoring.This act by the government ensures children dont get to see vulgar material which can destroy their innocence. So, in a sense, government helps to protect children and in this case freedom of such information cannot count as it is too mature for children. Furthermore, some people argue that internet censorship is necessary to preserve national security. Without censorship, it is impossible to maintain secrecy of information and protect it from enemies that can use it against the nation. Adding on, other forms of illegal material being communicated are stopped by censorship. Illegal downloading of copyrighted confine is a crime and internet censorship helps the government to catch criminals that indulge themselves in this act. As well, electronic mail containing dangerous information like bomb p lans defy no right to be spread almost the internet and so discarding them is the right thing to do. This shows that the government does not violate rights of freedom of speech by actually protecting its public from threatening information. However, others think that internet censorship is a violation to rights of freedom of speech. It limits free access to information which causes the society to foster ignorance in its citizens. Through this ignorance, people would not beat knowledge and awareness on issues that take place around their environment. this is notfair as everyone should lay down the right to full access to information on the internet. Additionally, there is the history of censorship abuse.The government can remove certain material that gives a bad image of it to the public meaning people have no freedom to criticize the government or voice their opinions. In this corrupt information can also be spread around the internet by the government and this gives wrong infor mation to the public. In China, for example, videos and articles on human rights violation are blocked by the government from the eyes of the world. If people cannot freely express their opinions on such critical subjects, then there is no use of the internet as it limits freedom of speech. Furthermore, some governments put strict rules on internet usage like blocking fond sites from the network. These include facebook and twitter. For instance, in China, facebook is banned and this affects the citizens and people owning facebook. Facebook loses more users from China. Also this limits communication and thus transfer of information is narrowed to usage of phones and letters. People will also find it difficult to interact with people foreign the nation. This is a serious act against freedom of speech and shows government uses censorship to restrict passing on of information which signifies they have something to hide.In conclusion, government should censor material to the extent whe re it becomes a threat for the community. otherwise censorship of material that contains offensive vocabulary like breast cancer is limiting freedom of speech as it is accessed by people for knowledge and it is not going to harm anyone. Besides, for child protection, there is already software that is available to block offensive sites. This shows that government has no right to censor the internet by removing material that can actually be helpful to the people. The government misuse its control over the internet to limit peoples ideas and thought capacities which violates freedom of speech and information.

Religion and Its Effects on Globalization

To be successful today, enterprises must now manage products and services, customer contact, delivery, and supply-chain guidance in real time all on a networking-centric fabric with customer demand for anytime, anyplace access to nurture and services leading the charge. People around the origination understand the importance of information technology and accept the fact that it is here to stay. This sudden expansion in the computer field created a pool of occupations that were open, yet unable to be filled by the current workforce.Not dealing this instant with the IT worker shortage threatens not only the growth of the IT industry, but also the growth of the entire U. S. deliverance and our global competitiveness. U. S. will soon lack a supply of qualified core IT workers, such as computer scientists and engineers, systems analysts, and computer programmers. Since the shortage of IT workers is becoming a global problem, U. S. employers will face tough contest to hire and keep heightsly skilled IT employees. IntroductionThe worlds religions fuck off been instrumental in shaping virtually all aspects of human experience and human perceptions. Certainly, religion played an important usage in the development and the ongoing support of democratic principles. One can even go so far as to say that it was beca utilization of the determination eng stopered by spiritual faith that land was first founded in the modern-day world as unearthly refugees sought out a modernistic land to godliness as they believed they should. Religion has also been at the core of many of the worlds most dreadful wars.Whether the jihads of the Middle East, the battles in Northern Ireland, or the ancient Crusaded, war has often been predicated on religion. In addition, thither atomic number 18 many religious community, especially those who think of themselves as traditionalists, who are deeply skeptical well-nigh democracy. Democracy, in this view, is unitary of a horde of per nicious doctrines that modernity unleashed in its attack on religious truth. All that can be examined empirically is the fact that modern democracy, not that of the Athens of Socrates time, the democracy of the by two and a half centuries, is unrivaled that found its roots in the belief that all people slang the right to believe as they will and that a nation must support that aboveboard fact. Historically Most modern Americans cede come to think of democracy as rather over-the-hill hat. In reality, democracy is as fearlessly new today as when it was first proposed. If it does not have to be reinvented, it sure as shooting has to be rethought, by every generation.Today there is a particular goading about rethinking democracy in relation to its moral and religious grounding (Neuhaus 87). Yet in wrong of relative time in the larger course of human history, democracy is a relatively new opinion and ideal. Assuming that people have a right to determine their own future, actio ns, faith, and government stems, in great part, from the understanding that a higher power, divinity, prophet, or spiritual leader has led them to understand that they are creatures who choose their path what is often called set down agency. Judeo-Christian faith has established a foundation for Hesperian democracy in its stories of the Bibles Old and New Testaments of attacks by both law and prophets on the absolute power of rulers, the demands for redress for the poor and oppressed, and the exposing of self-interest in every kind of human system. The Christian revelation showed the equality of all in the sight of God and a vision of the Kingdom of God ruled by love not compulsion, strengthening the call for justice and for compassion for the weak.The Hebrew texts and the Bibles emphases on opposing political and social oppression, and on the religious fellowship that bound communities were taken up strongly in Europe, Britain, and North America. The First Amendment of the U. S. Constitutions Religion Clause consists of two provisions. One forbids the constitution of a religion, and the other guarantees the openhanded exercise of religion. The no establishment provision is in the service of the free exercise provision and suggests (or demands) that religion not be created by the state in behalf of the state.Of course, individual Americans have created new religions end-to-end the past two hundred years. Free exercise is the end, and no establishment is one means in the service of that end. This understanding of the Religion Clause has not always prevailed in our jurisprudence. Indeed, in recent years, the courts have frequently acted as though no establishment is the end, and in the service of that end they have officially decreased what many think of as the free exercise of religion in the public sphere.Recent news stories regarding the judge who wants the Biblical Ten Commandments hanging in his courtroom, or the stories requiring that municipal hol iday displays reflect a multiplicity of beliefs. Philosophically Religion and authorities have always had a turbulent history together. Religion and democratic governing have even more difficulty coexisting, because the originator suggests an unyielding body of law, an peremptory understanding of what is right and what is wrong, and a clear knowledge of the direction that should be followed by the government.The primal precept of democracy suggests a much more relativistic approach. Democracy attempts to yield for laws that can be changed, a sense that the majority should determine what is right and what is wrong (and, correspondingly, when the majority changes or evolves the determination of what is right and what is wrong will also change), and a much more flexible idea of directions that should be followed by the state (Mahler 601).There has been a great deal of concern voiced throughout the last half of the 20th century that religion is declining worldwide and secularism is advancing. As modernity spreads, secularism spreads in its wake. The high degree of religious involvement with politics in the United States is said to be the dying heave up of religious forces that are using politics in an effort to postpone their demise. Early advocates of the secularization of modern society were those responsible for forming a large core of nineteenth-century European thought.Karl Marx was sure that class struggle and the cheer of communism would become the tale of modern demeanor, while religion would soon be a mercifully finished chapter. Max Weber believed that in modernitys wake the mighty forces of rationalism and bureaucratization would defeat religion, if not on the whole eliminate the religious. Sigmund Freud hoped that the future of an illusion would prove poor as people saw that the modern world gave them a chance to be free of religion and, ostensibly, free from personal tyranny, guilt, and fearfulness.Islam and Democracy It is important to whol e step at faiths outside of the Judeo-Christian traditions in any discussion regarding the impact of religion on democracy. Islam serves as one of the best examples of the ways in which a religion has discouraged the formation of democracies and democratic political structures. The extent to which democracy and Islam are mutually exclusive has been tested empirically with implications for conflict in finish and the prospects for democratic peace.Three measures of democracy were used in a study published in 1998 a political rights index, an index of liberal democracy, and a measure found on institutionalization (Midlarsky 485). The measure of democratic institutionalization behaves in a manner intermediate between the other two and shows that the likelihood of conflict is based on the likelihood indoctrinated negative attitudes directed at the non-Islam organization or nation. Politics in Muslim states have always been strongly influenced by religion.And yet, concern about the expa nsion and impact of religiously inspired politics is widespread, and the demise of communism has turned Islamism into what is perceived as the most dangerous enemy of liberal democracy However, issues such as the threats posed by an Islamic form of government on democracy and the use of religion to promote social and political justice continue to be literary argumentd throughout the world. The fact that debate takes place should speak well of the inclusion of some democratic principles as part of modern flavour regardless of religious belief or affiliation.An important factor to be considered is that the assumption of the moral rightness of ones religion or the religion of an entire people has often led to the out-of-hand abhorrence of other cultures, nations, and governments. That condemnation is often what then leads to religious-based battles and wars. The Modern Realm It is a common belief that religious fundamentalismthe appeal for a lapse to the literal reading of a holy text and its application to politics and societyis a major threat to democracy.In a democracy, people are supposed to plow each other as equals and with mutual respect. The most traditional and classic definition of the democratic life is that citizens have or should have equal public standing. However, the ancient texts of most faiths outline strong laws and constraints on individuals. In recent years there have been calls by religious leaders and politicians alike to return to such literal interpretations and definitions of right and wrong.But in a democracy, the state recognizes the integrity of the church, not exactly as a voluntary association of individuals, but as a communal bearer of the security guard to a higher sovereignty from which, through the consent of the governed, the legitimacy of the state itself is derived. That understanding is what allows for the multi-culturalism and diversity that is natural in a democracy. Religion is not what has defined democracy just as democracy has certainly not defined religion.Democracy, at least in the United States, is still a spiritual excogitation in that the majority of Americans believe that vision of a society based on two fundamental beliefs. The first is that all men, created equal in the eyes of God with certain unalienable rights, are free to pursue the longings of their hearts. The second belief is that the sole purpose of government is to protect those rights. The first Americans shared this deeply spiritual vision. Most Americans still do (Reed 26).For more than 200 years, the people of the United States have pursued the vision of a faithful democracy, maintaining a firm foundation, and achieved greatness by honoring God and have people of all faith into public life. Perhaps, such a statement can serve as an example of how religion and democracy truly interact as mutually supportive concepts both based on fundamental perceptions of the meaning of truth in human life. That is one of the gr eat privileges of democracy and one part of the foundation of faith.